dc.contributor.advisor | Sánchez Leal, Ligia Consuelo | |
dc.contributor.author | Espinosa Mesa, Daniela Yohanna | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2023-07-11T20:03:00Z | |
dc.date.available | 2023-07-11T20:03:00Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2022-07 | |
dc.identifier.uri | https://repositorio.universidadmayor.edu.co/handle/unicolmayor/6546 | |
dc.description.abstract | La Listeriosis comprende una de las problemáticas incluidas en los controles de
salud pública en todos los continentes, y, el agente etiológico es Listeria
monocytogenes, una bacteria patógena transmitida por alimentos, la cual afecta a
personas inmunosuprimidas y a mujeres embarazadas. Este microorganismo se
puede encontrar en productos cárnicos y pescado, productos lácteos, alimentos
procesados, huevos, frutas y verduras. Las investigaciones asociadas al diagnóstico
de L. monocytogenes en derivados cárnicos son amplias, sin embargo, estas no son
representativas en plantas de beneficio animal, por consiguiente, se indagó si
existen publicaciones relacionadas estableciendo una estrategia de búsqueda de
literatura científica en las principales bases de datos y en repositorios de
universidades, a partir de textos publicados en dos intervalos de tiempo, el primero
entre 1991 y 2001, y el segundo entre 2002 y 2021, con la finalidad de encontrar los
artículos más relevantes y determinar la evolución que han presentado las técnicas
de diagnóstico de L. monocytogenes en Colombia.
Las evidencias demuestran que las deficiencias en diferentes etapas del proceso
en plantas de beneficio animal son asociadas a la contaminación de canales por
heces, durante las etapas de lavado de los animales antes de su ingreso al proceso,
la etapa de desollado y las etapas posteriores de manipulación por los operarios y
desinfección insuficiente de la canal. Adicionalmente, se reportó la presencia de L.
monocytogenes en la tonsila y lengua del cerdo durante el sacrifico. Lo anterior,
explica una prevalencia significativa debido a que en algunos países la canal se
comercializa con cabeza, favoreciendo la contaminación cruzada desde estos
órganos hacia la canal durante las etapas de procesamiento primario en la planta
de beneficio animal.
Los estudios destacaron la importancia de hallazgos relacionados a la identificación
de cepas persistentes de L. monocytogenes asociadas a la contaminación
ambiental y de superficies en las plantas de beneficio animal, lo que puede conducir
a una contaminación repetida de los productos cárnicos. Por otra parte, se evidencia
que la presencia de genes de resistencia a los desinfectantes es un factor para la
contaminación de productos cárnicos durante el proceso. De manera concluyente,
las investigaciones dilucidan el análisis del uso de métodos diagnósticos como la
PCR para el monitoreo de patógenos transmitidos por alimentos, debido a que los
métodos microbiológicos convencionales de identificación requieren disponer de
mucho tiempo en comparación con el análisis molecular, además, la aplicación de
este tipo de técnicas ayudará a identificar a L. monocytogenes transmitida por los
alimentos con mayor precisión. Así que, esta revisión recopila las evidencias más
relevantes de los estudios realizados con importancia epidemiológica, su incidencia,
las rutas de contaminación y diagnóstico de L. monocytogenes en diferentes
productos cárnicos, y actualizando lo investigado sobre los efectos de la listeriosis
en la salud pública. Se evidencia que el aislamiento microbiológico y la PCR son los
métodos diagnósticos más utilizados en productos cárnicos para la detección de
este microorganismo, seguido de técnicas como PFGE y la Hibridación de ADN,
aunque en menor proporción. En Colombia L. monocytogenes no es de notificación
obligatoria, el Instituto Nacional de Salud (INS) menciona que es posible que exista
un subregistro de la información y confirmación del patógeno que ha originado
diversos reportes de enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos, contrario a lo que
sucede en la Unión Europea, Estados Unidos y sus países afiliados, en donde
establecen que la detección de L. monocytogenes en productos cárnicos es de
control oficial, debido a que se asocia a Listeriosis en humanos transmitida por
alimentos. | spa |
dc.description.abstract | Listeriosis is one of the problems included in public health controls in all continents,
and the etiological agent is Listeria monocytogenes, a foodborne pathogenic
bacterium, which affects immunosuppressed people and pregnant women. This
microorganism can be found in meat and fish products, dairy products, processed
foods, eggs, fruits and vegetables. Research associated with the diagnosis of L.
monocytogenes in meat derivatives are extensive, however, these are not
representative in animal processing plants, therefore, it was investigated whether
there are related publications by establishing a search strategy for scientific literature
in the main databases and in university repositories, based on texts published in two
time intervals, the first between 1991 and 2001, and the second between 2002 and
2021, with the purpose of finding the most relevant articles and determining the
evolution of diagnostic techniques for L. monocytogenes in Colombia.
The evidence shows that deficiencies in different stages of the process in animal
processing plants are associated with fecal contamination by carcasses, during the
stages of washing animals before they enter the process, the skinning stage and the
subsequent stages of handling by operators and insufficient disinfection of carcass.
In addition, the presence of L. monocytogenes was reported in the tonsil and tongue
of pigs during slaughter. This explains a significant prevalence due to the fact that in
some countries the carcass is marketed with the head, favoring cross-contamination
from these organs to the carcass during the primary processing stages in the animal
processing plant.
The studies highlighted the importance of findings related to the identification of
persistent strains of L. monocytogenes associated with environmental and surface
contamination in animal processing plants, which can lead to repeated
contamination of meat products. On the other hand, it is evident that the presence
of resistance genes to disinfectants is a factor in the contamination of meat products
during processing.
Conclusively, the research elucidates the analysis of the use of diagnostic methods
such as PCR for monitoring foodborne pathogens, due to the fact that conventional microbiological methods of identification are time-consuming in comparison with
molecular analysis, and that the application of this type of technique will help identify
foodborne L. monocytogenes with greater precision. Thus, this review compiles the
most relevant evidence from studies carried out with epidemiological importance, its
incidence, routes of contamination and diagnosis of L. monocytogenes in different
meat products, and updating the research on the effects of listeriosis on public
health. It is evident that microbiological isolation and PCR are the diagnostic
methods most widely implemented in meat products for the detection of this
microorganism, followed by techniques such as PFGE and DNA hybridization,
although in smaller proportions. In Colombia, L. monocytogenes is not notifiable; the
Instituto Nacional de Salud (INS) mentions that it is possible that there is an
underreporting of information and confirmation of the pathogen that has originated
several reports of foodborne diseases, contrary to what happens in the European
Union, the United States and its affiliated countries, where they establish that the
detection of L. monocytogenes in meat products is of official control, because it is
associated with foodborne Listeriosis in humans. | eng |
dc.description.tableofcontents | ResumenV
Abstract VII
Lista de Figuras.X
Lista de Tablas .XI
Lista de abreviaturas .XII
1. Introducción 14
2. Marco de referencia 19
3. Objetivos . 32
3.1 Objetivo General 32
3.2 Objetivos Específicos. 32
4. Diseño metodológico. 33
Criterios de exclusión. 33
Criterios de inclusión 34
5. Resultados y Discusión . 35
Métodos diagnósticos 51
Método de aislamiento microbiológico. 51
Método diagnóstico con Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa (PCR) . 52
Método de Electroforesis en Gel de Campo Pulsado (PFGE) 54
Método de diagnóstico utilizando hibridación de ADN 55
Métodos diagnósticos que han sido utilizados en plantas de beneficio animal 55
6. Conclusiones. 64
7. Recomendaciones. 66
8. Referencias . 67 | spa |
dc.format.extent | 77p. | spa |
dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | spa |
dc.language.iso | spa | spa |
dc.rights | Derechos Reservados Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca, 2022 | spa |
dc.rights.uri | https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ | spa |
dc.title | Revisión sistemática de los métodos de diagnóstico de Listeria monocytogenes en productos cárnicos en canal procesados en plantas de beneficio en Colombia | spa |
dc.type | Trabajo de grado - Maestría | spa |
dc.description.degreelevel | Maestría | spa |
dc.description.degreename | Magíster en Microbiología | spa |
dc.publisher.faculty | Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud | spa |
dc.publisher.program | Maestría en Microbiología | spa |
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dc.rights.accessrights | info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess | spa |
dc.rights.creativecommons | Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) | spa |
dc.subject.proposal | Listeria monocytogenes | spa |
dc.subject.proposal | Planta de beneficio | spa |
dc.subject.proposal | Cárnicos | spa |
dc.subject.proposal | Diagnóstico | spa |
dc.subject.proposal | Planta de proceso | spa |
dc.subject.proposal | Enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos | eng |
dc.type.coar | http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdcc | spa |
dc.type.coarversion | http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 | spa |
dc.type.content | Text | spa |
dc.type.driver | info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis | spa |
dc.type.redcol | https://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TM | spa |
dc.type.version | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion | spa |
dc.rights.coar | http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_14cb | spa |